transit-oriented development Concepts

Road to ruin: an introduction to sprawl and how to cure it

by Dom Nozzi · 15 Dec 2003 · 282pp · 69,481 words

to establish maximum instead of minimum parking requirements for new development. Seattle is now thinking about expanding downtown maximum parking rules beyond downtown to promote transit-oriented development near transit stations for a new rail line.2 Many traffic analysts agree that “market-based pricing of parking would be the single most effective

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a path, pedestrians feel uncomfortable; high car speed on a street makes both pedestrians and bicyclists feel unsafe.) PUBLIC TRANSIT AND TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT Generally, the intent of a transit-oriented development (TOD) or transit village is a transit stop or station surrounded by relatively high-density residential and commercial development, which transitions toward lower densities in concentric

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rings further from the center of the TOD. Examples of TODs include the Sunnyside Transit Village near downtown Portland, Oregon; TODs in Redmond, Renton

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set a goal that strives to locate much of the region’s new housing within a quarter mile of a transit route. To help create transit villages, former California governor Pete Wil-son signed a bill allowing higher-density zoning around transit stations and use of redevelopment funds for nearby housing. Similarly

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—goes a step further by making public transit stations and transit stops a key design element. Communities incorporating this design, known to planners as “transit-oriented developments” (TODs) or “transit villages,” strive to make pedestrian, bicycle, and drop-off trips to a transit stop convenient, safe, and enjoyable. Such a design needs a critical mass

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transit corridors within existing neighborhoods. And seventh, preserve sensitive habitat, riparian zones, and high-quality open space.10 To reduce car dependence and encourage such transit-oriented development, the state of Oregon in 1991 adopted the Oregon TransportationPlanning Rule, which required cities to reduce vehicle miles traveled by 10 percent over the next

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will ever be reached.12 Higher residential densities that allow people to walk, bike, or ride the bus or rail are an important foundation for transit-oriented development. The average density for TODs served by light rail is about nine dwelling units per acre; Portland, Oregon, strives for 15 per acre. One effective

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, “Transit-Oriented Development,” ii, 4, 5, 8, 14. 14. Moore and Thorsnes, The Transportation/Land Use Connection, 72, 106, 112. 15. But excluding land, lighting, security, parking enforcement,

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Now or Pay OPEC Later.” Gainesville Sun, 12 January 1989. Belmont, S. Cities in Full. Chicago: American Planning Association, 2002. Belzer, D., and Autler, G. “Transit-Oriented Development: Moving from Rhetoric to Reality.” Brookings Institution Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy, June 2002. Bianco, M. J., and Adler, S. “The Politics of Implementation

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–71, 78–79, 99, 102–4, 128 Regulations, design, 106–23, 125–26, free fares, 103 128–34 passes, 103–4 Retire in place, 69 transit-oriented development Ridesharing and carpooling, 92–93 (TOD), 102, 128–29 Road diet, 131 Transportation allowance, 91–92Transportation choice, 60–61, 68–70, Unintended consequences, 14, 16

Retrofitting Suburbia, Updated Edition: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs

by Ellen Dunham-Jones and June Williamson · 23 Mar 2011 · 512pp · 131,112 words

provision of tax-increment financing (TIF) for regeneration initiatives. Booming New Agglomerations in Edge Cities or “Edgeless Cities” Concern over traffic and air quality triggers transit-oriented developments (TODs), planning for mass transit, and a market for more intown locations. “Underperforming asphalt” is replaced with a mix of uses, dwellings, and businesses organized

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demonstrated by MetroWest, a more recent example of the strategy of consolidating house lots to create a large parcel for retrofitting. MetroWest is a planned transit-oriented development (TOD) adjacent to the Vienna Metro Station, a terminus on the orange line, in Fairfax, Virginia. (See Color Plates 1 to 3.) The program calls

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stay, the berm would have blocked pedestrians in the new development from reaching the station. Transit-adjacent development is not nearly the same thing as transit-oriented development, and so intense efforts were made to acquire the parcel. (See Figure 2–8.) Up to this point the development process required extensive public outreach

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larger neighborhood, with the park playing several key roles: restoring a system of lakes and migratory bird habitat; filtering and retaining stormwater; and fostering affordable transit-oriented development, as well as serving as a catalyst in economic development. In this case, the retrofit was spurred not by rising property values in the area

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at least its promise) precedes development. Whether light or heavy rail, bus rapid transit, or streetcar, transit has been the trigger for higher-density zoning, transit-oriented development, and corridor retrofitting in examples such as Ballston, Virginia; Downtown Kendall/Dadeland in Kendall, Florida; and the planning for Denver’s new light-rail system

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pedestrian connection. (See Figure 6–18.) The nonprofit Center for Regional and Neighborhood Action (CRNA) was helpful in educating officials about the potential to pursue transit-oriented development (TOD) at the site. As a result of a pilot study by the CRNA and the results of several public community forums, the Community Development

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mixed-use town centers are providing pockets of walkability within larger edge cities like Legacy at Plano, while new rail stations are attracting high-density transit-oriented development into edge cities, as at Downtown Kendall/Dadeland (outside Miami) and the plans for Tysons Corner (outside Washington). What is the competition that is driving

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team’s successful creation of popular walkable, mixed-use urban neighborhoods within unwalkable contexts has spurred more such projects in the Dallas area, including the transit village in downtown Plano, Village on the Green at the Galleria, and more. In each case, they have proven the existence of a strong market for

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was planned with four of the eleven stations at Tysons Corner. Despite debates over tunnels versus elevated rails, the expectation had been to use new transit-oriented developments at the stations to introduce residents, walkability, and interconnectivity to the area. State leaders were shocked when the rail line was denied funding in January

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its open spaces as gardens. Lindbergh City Center redeveloped MARTA park-and-ride lots with structured parking and the first phase of a multiple parcel transit-oriented development. The Midtown center replaced an urban church with new buildings, a public park, and a commercial center. All of the building interiors feature state-of

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through the central north-south axis of the site and obtain the necessary rezoning approvals. Planning officials were eager to further the goals of the transit-oriented development overlay zoning district that had been established around the new Metro stop. When master planning was underway, the tenant not only agreed to remain at

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and Place in Willingboro, NJ,” The Next American City 1:2 (June 2003), http://americancity.org/magazine/article/the-other-levittown-pooley/. 15 Center for Transit-Oriented Development, “Hidden in Plain Sight: Capturing the Demand for Housing near Transit” (Oakland, CA: Reconnecting America, September 2004, revised April 2005), http://www.reconnectingamerica.org/public

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budget on transportation. Families who live in transitrich neighborhoods spend just 9%. This is according to a 2007 report by Reconnecting America’s Center for Transit-Oriented Development funded by the Federal Transit Administration and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, titled “Realizing the Potential: Expanding Housing Opportunities near Transit

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distinguish between transit-oriented design and transit-adjacent design and point to higher ridership levels associated with the former. See Dena Belzer and Gerald Autler, “Transit-Oriented Development: Moving from Rhetoric to Reality,” 2002 report for the Brookings Institution’s Center for Urban and Metropolitan Policy and the Great American Station Foundation, http

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first with Columbus Realty Trust, then Post Properties, and then Amicus Partners. See Hank Dittmar and Gloria Ohland, The New Transit Town: Best Practices in Transit-Oriented Development (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004), 159. 36 A pioneer project in the 1980s, State/Thomas was the Dallas area’s first use of tax-increment

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Plan, see Sharon Feigon and David Hoyt with Gloria Ohlund, “The Atlanta Case Study: Lindbergh City Center,” in The New Transit Town: Best Practices in Transit-Oriented Development, ed. Hank Dittmar and Gloria Ohlund (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004). 14 David Goldberg, “BellSouth’s Atlanta Metro Plan: A Case Study in Employer-Driven

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Nouvelle at Natick Perimeter Place SkySong University Town Center Upper Rock residential subdivisions accessory dwelling units culs-de-sac edge cities first suburbs overview retrofits transit-oriented development resiliency resistance to change Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) restaurants Reston (Virginia) retail properties. see also big box; chain stores; lifestyle centers; malls; power centers; shopping

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of mixed-use and public space significance of public space techniques for residential subdivisions accessory dwelling units culs-de-sac edge cities first suburbs overview transit-oriented development suburbia demographic changes in revised history of trends reuse. see adaptive reuse rezoning corridors Rock, Mike Rockville (Maryland) Rofé, Yodan Rogers, Susan rotaries Rouse Corporation

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, California) Thornton Place Thorsen, Mark TI (Texas Instruments) TIF (tax-increment financing) time and value gap tissues. see campus tissues; elastic tissues; static tissues TOD (transit-oriented development) tolerance Toll Brothers Torti Gallas and Partners Towers apartment building (Prince George’s County, Maryland) town centers townhouses traffic commuting to office parks Cottonwood Mall

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infilling edge cities time spent in Upper Rock transect concept transit boulevards transit systems. see mass transit transit-oriented development (TOD) Tri-State Metropolitan New York Region Trooien, Jerry troubleshooting Tukwila Urban Center (Tukwila, Washington) Twinbrook Commons (Rockville, Maryland) “Two-Family Senior Residence” permits Tysons

The Option of Urbanism: Investing in a New American Dream

by Christopher B. Leinberger · 15 Nov 2008 · 222pp · 50,318 words

3 2 1 Search terms: urban, suburban, sprawl, auto-dependent, real estate product development types, transportation, Futurama, affordable housing, inclusionary zoning, impact fees, New Urbanism, transit-oriented development, American Dream, S&L crisis, walkable urbanism, drivable sub-urbanism, global warming, carbon load, obesity, asthma, favored quarter, metropolitan, regionalism, urbanization, population growth, REIT For

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young adult offspring gravitate to live in more exciting and sophisticated 24-hour places—whether urban or suburban—with pedestrian-accessible retail, restaurants and offices. Transit-oriented development at subway and light rail stations almost cannot miss. New mixed-use town centers in the suburbs are also one of the hottest development trends

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reported that “developers are uniting this historically urban format with the increasingly popular ‘live, work, play’ motto of mixed-use development. [T]he newly evolved transit-oriented development trend is taking root in suburban areas across the country.”27 These reflections by the Urban Land Institute and REBusiness Online underscore the trend toward

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in the built environment will notice that I have not used some terms common over the past fifteen years, such as “transit-oriented development,” “New Urbanism,” and “traditional neighborhood development” (TND). The description “transit-oriented development” can and does apply to most regional-serving, walkable urban places. (It is possible, but not ideal, to be nontransit

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Towers,” Wall Street Journal, December 13, 2006. Jonathan D. Miller, Emerging Trends in Real Estate 2006 (Washington, D.C.: Urban Land Institute, 2006). Bre Edmonds, “Transit-Oriented Development Sweeps Suburbia,” Real Estate Business Online, February 26, 2007, http://www.rebusinessonline .com/article_archive/02-26-07.shtml. NOTES | 191 CHAPTER 6 1. There

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-rule state, the collaborative and funded planning process fosters local buy-in. The NJDOT is also actively promoting transit with its Transit Village program, which offers technical assistance plus capital for transit-oriented developments. Watch this video to see how this can be discussed in a way that is attractive to communities: http://www.nj

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, 67, 115, 184n1 Toll roads, 161 Torng, G-W., 189n6 Town center, 87–90, 112, 123, 129 Traditional neighborhood development (TND), 93, 117 Transect, 191n3 Transit-oriented development, 112, 117, 190n27, 199n20 Transportation, 3–4, 21–22, 27–32, 40, 63, 67–68, 74–81, 83, 93, 96, 116, 127, 142, 144, 151

Soft City: Building Density for Everyday Life

by David Sim · 19 Aug 2019 · 211pp · 55,075 words

closed for an hour at lunchtime, and the traffic goes in the other direction in the afternoon. The street is also closed on holidays. TOD (Transit-Oriented Development) is about concentrating high-density development close to public transportation hubs to connect them efficiently to other places. Every moment spent moving between buildings presents

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in reading the weather, learning from others, seeing how they dress and behave, and can help us better live the weather we have. Much lauded Transit-Oriented Development projects use efficient engineering to connect higher-density, built-up areas to mass transit. In this way, they connect people efficiently with other places. However

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, I think the real challenge of mobility is as much about better connecting people to the place where they are. Rather than Transit-Oriented Development, we need Neighborhood-Oriented Transit. Perhaps, ultimately, it all comes down to the basics of health and well-being—fresh air, exercise, and meeting people

World Cities and Nation States

by Greg Clark and Tim Moonen · 19 Dec 2016

pioneers of smart urban development, which attracts a great deal of interest from other national governments. Japanese smart city concepts (such as Kashiwa‐no‐ha, transit‐oriented development and urban area management) are welcomed by the national ministries, and are demonstrated to other countries in eastern and southern Asia for how cities can

Key to the City: How Zoning Shapes Our World

by Sara C. Bronin · 30 Sep 2024 · 230pp · 74,949 words

their attendant terrible consequences, and zone for active transportation, they can round out their reforms by enabling dense development around transit lines and stations. Called “transit-oriented development,” this strategy creates mixed-use, medium-to-high-density development around nodes of transit, which tend to thrive in densely developed areas. Buses can successfully

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after. Subways and monorails, colossally expensive, have only worked in our very densest cities, including Washington, D.C., New York, and Boston. Cities interested in transit-oriented development can pull several different zoning levers. Focusing on fixed stations (rather than, say, ordinary bus stops, which move as routes change), they can identify the

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existing examples of where we might like to get to. Sometimes we find these examples in unexpected places. For those skeptical about market demand for transit-oriented development, I recommend a visit to Disney—not the one near Crystal Cathedral, but the campus on the East Coast. An all-American kingdom of forty

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, 62, 75–76, 182, 183 land use, 1, 6–7, 19, 20–25. See also agricultural use; commercial use; housing; nightlife mixed-use districts and transit-oriented development, 12, 101, 104–7, 171 property lines, 113, 139, 142, 145, 154–55 property owners, 3–5, 17–18, 24, 30–31, 36, 40–41

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Hartford, 36 in Las Vegas, 162 in Nashville, 47–48, 50 in San Diego, 22–26, 182, 183 single-use zoning vs., 25–27, 99 transit-oriented development and, 12, 101, 104–7, 171 “Mongolians,” 17 Monkkonen, Paavo, 84, 194 Moreno, Vivian, 26 mortgages, 92, 160 mortuaries, 198 Most Endangered Places list, 50

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, 101, 152–54, 161–63 traffic management, 2, 24, 44, 58, 65, 108, 137–39, 146–47, 204 transferable development rights (TDRs), 51–52, 171 “transit-oriented development,” 12, 104–7, 171 transportation, 90–108 building Austin’s new airport, 56, 186–87 call for a new infrastructure of “active transportation,” 101, 104

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carpooling, 101, 197 Disney Transport, 107 security, 10, 93–94 “transit-oriented” development, 12, 101, 104–7, 171 transportation security, 94 walking distance and access to, 106, 127 See also automobiles; bicycling; pedestrians; public transportation Tucson, AZ, 11

The Human City: Urbanism for the Rest of Us

by Joel Kotkin · 11 Apr 2016 · 565pp · 122,605 words

, such as California, continue to restrict suburban growth in an effort to combat climate change. California’s policies have had mixed results. Attempts to promote “transit-oriented” developments have proven notably ineffective in reducing automobile travel, a Los Angeles Times report found. Relatively few of those living in these buildings actually took transit

Road to Nowhere: What Silicon Valley Gets Wrong About the Future of Transportation

by Paris Marx · 4 Jul 2022 · 295pp · 81,861 words

driving systems—if they are ever truly realized. These two aspects also display Musk’s preference for sprawling suburbs of single-family homes over dense, transit-oriented development. Putting these three elements together and considering them alongside the current trajectory of our capitalist society reveals a different kind of urban future than the

Straphanger

by Taras Grescoe · 8 Sep 2011 · 428pp · 134,832 words

. Around the world, energetic and idealistic people are working hard to reclaim neighborhoods once left for dead. The movement goes under a variety of names: transit-oriented development, smart growth, new urbanism. In the wrong mouths, these are just buzzwords; in the wrong hands, they can serve as the justification for boondoggles as

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Villaraigosa, “we’ve got to join the rest of the world. And we’re doing it. In the quintessential city of sprawl, we’re seeing transit-oriented development. We’re moving vertical now. Not anywhere like New York or Chicago—but it’s only been a few years. The reason Los Angeles became

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average American will not walk more than 600 feet to get to a parked car. No Vacancy There is something fatally dingy about the catchphrase “transit-oriented development” (TOD). For too many people, the whole notion of living in close proximity to transit carries the stink of cabbage-scented tenements in the overcrowded

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attractive for people to get out of their cars and take public transport.” All told, Metro has used public-private partnerships to build twelve major transit-oriented developments in Los Angeles, and two dozen more are in negotiation or under consideration. Not all of them have the small-town feel of Mission Meridian

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is bringing riders to transit rather than more drivers to the road. As Metro’s Roger Moliere sees it, “There’s a catalytic effect with transit-oriented development. The people who own the Pantages Theatre across the street from Hollywood and Vine are now going to develop the whole block. There’s an

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it into high-end condos.” But Metro is getting one crucial aspect of the equation wrong: they are building too much free parking into their transit-oriented development. Every apartment at 1600 Vine includes one off-street parking space per bedroom. (Even the project’s salesman told me, “This is Los Angeles, man

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gentrification, like Koreatown, Westlake, and Echo Park, are both multiethnic and transit proximate. The best way forward might involve looking backward, and from this perspective transit-oriented development is a return to the kind of place Los Angeles originally hoped to become. The city still retains traces of this ideal. For example, there

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a nod to community life by building in features like parks and sidewalks. In fact, Valley Village started out as a classic streetcar suburb, the transit-oriented development of its day. As I left, I started walking down the sidewalk at the edge of Kotkin’s lot, but the pavement ended in the

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off their children before they ride the train to work. I had contacted Shiroishi in the hopes of getting a tour of the latest in transit-oriented development in Tokyo. As I rode back to Shibuya, looking out over the apartment complexes, department stores, and bicycle parking lots, I realized how naive my

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built in tandem with specially designed roads, TransMilenio was retrofitted into major arteries that had existed for decades. “Maybe we missed an opportunity to do transit-oriented development. But the city has rezoned some areas, and private developers are doing taller, mixed-use buildings close to TransMilenio, so it may be happening organically

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now more likely to get to work by bicycle than the inhabitants of any other American city.* Predictably, when it comes to public transport and transit-oriented development (TOD), the city is getting some things wrong. More assuredly than almost anywhere else in America, though, Portland is charting a course that will allow

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all the way to Oregon just to ride MAX. The Portland metro area is also home to the nation’s most celebrated example of suburban transit-oriented development, Orenco Station. Though previous New Urbanist communities, such as Andrés Duany’s and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk’s Seaside and Celebration in Florida, have been praised

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-acre tract located next to the old Oregon Electric interurban line. Wandering its potholed streets one afternoon, I fell in love with this exemplar of transit-oriented development, before the term existed. In Old Orenco, the Craftsman-style homes are the real thing, not some developer’s clever simulacra; dogs sleep in the

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to the people of Philadelphia. Unlike Los Angeles’s Metro, SEPTA doesn’t own much land around its stations, which limits its ability to foster transit-oriented development. Fortunately, outside of the postwar suburbs, virtually everybody lives within a short walk of a trolley, bus, or rail stop. In other words, thanks to

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”: all through the Northern Liberties the spaces between row houses are being filled in by micro-developments of one or two houses—an example of transit-oriented development at its least intrusive. The river wards are anchored by stops on the Market-Frankford elevated line, which puts them within a 20-minute ride

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, after all, is a modest three-line subway system. The amazing thing, Mees points out, is that Toronto didn’t have to build any suburban transit-oriented development, as in the case of Portland’s Orenco Station, to achieve these results. Thanks to sophisticated scheduling that closely matches service to patronage by adjusting

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, and the cities that invest in sustainable transit are going to reap the benefits. Saving our cities from the automobile is going to involve welcoming transit-oriented development, infill in old central city neighborhoods, and multifamily buildings and apartments in what were once low-density areas. It will mean brandishing the stick of

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Over-Parked?” Journal of Public Transportation 13/2 (2010). ——. The Transit Metropolis. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1998. Charles, John A. “The Mythical World of Transit-Oriented Development.” Cascade Policy Institute, http://cascadepolicy.org/pdf/env/l_124.pdf, 2003. Guttfreund, Owen D. 20th-Century Sprawl: Highways and the Reshaping of the American

Suburban Nation

by Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Jeff Speck · 14 Sep 2010 · 321pp · 85,267 words

on the old patterns that people cherish. The TND is not the only instrument of its kind. Other groundbreaking zoning ordinances include Sacramento County’s Transit Oriented Development Ordinance, Pasadena’s City of Gardens Code, and Loudon County, Virginia’s Rural Village Ordinance. Municipalities that are currently making use of customized TND-style