deskilling
—
164 books
first published
1967
added 3 Jan 2017
elimination of skilled labor from an economy due to the introduction of new technology
randomized controlled trial
—
237 books
first published
1967
experimental method designed to reduce bias, typically accomplished by randomly allocating subjects to two or more groups, with one being a control group
delayed gratification
—
227 books
first published
1967
psychological concept describing a process that the subject undergoes when the subject resists the temptation of an immediate reward in preference for a later reward
meta-analysis
—
462 books
first published
1967
statistical method that summarizes data from multiple sources
confounding variable
—
56 books
first published
1967
added 5 Oct 2023
an extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates with both the dependent and independent variable
data science
—
440 books
first published
15 Aug 1966
added 20 Nov 2021
an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, algorithms, and systems to extract knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured data.
War on Poverty
—
213 books
first published
15 Aug 1966
unofficial name for legislation first introduced by U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson during his State of the Union address on January 8, 1964
speech recognition
—
252 books
first published
1966
automatic conversion of spoken language into text
Margaret Mead
—
179 books
first published
1966
added 30 Dec 2024
American anthropologist (1901—1978)
Ken Kesey
—
110 books
first published
1966
added 26 Jun 2024
systems thinking
—
212 books
first published
1966
added 9 May 2023
based on systems theory (broadly applicable concepts and principles, as opposed to concepts and principles applicable to one domain of knowledge; distinguishes, dynamic or active systems and static or passive systems)
Merry Pranksters
—
80 books
first published
1966
added 26 Jun 2024
group formed around American author Ken Kesey
traffic fines
—
31 books
first published
1966
added 23 Jan 2017
financial penalties imposed for violations of traffic laws or regulations
Peace of Westphalia
—
86 books
first published
1966
peace treaty ending the Thirty and Eighty Years' Wars
Turing test
—
218 books
first published
1966
test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to that of a human
language acquisition
—
97 books
first published
1966
added 20 Aug 2023
process starting early in human life
Steven Pinker
—
299 books
first published
1966
Canadian-American cognitive psychologist, linguist, and author, an advocate of evolutionary psychology and the computational theory of the mind
prisoner's dilemma
—
53 books
first published
15 May 1965
canonical example of a game analyzed in game theory
John von Neumann
—
277 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
Hungarian-American mathematician and polymath (1903–1957)
Alan Turing
—
368 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 7 Oct 2023
British mathematician, contributions to computer science and AI
Turing machine
—
165 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
abstract computation model; mathematical model of computation that defines an abstract machine which manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules
Norbert Wiener
—
167 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 3 Jan 2017
American mathematician, scientist in cybernetics and artificial intelligence (1894–1964)
book burning
—
108 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 21 Dec 2024
Trinity test
—
40 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 15 Aug 2024
Johannes Kepler
—
148 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 15 Oct 2020
German mathematician and astronomer (1571–1630)
heat death of the universe
—
54 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 20 Nov 2021
the idea that the universe will eventually reach a state of entropy from which it cannot recover
classic study
—
373 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 20 Aug 2022
end-to-end encryption
—
50 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 5 Jul 2023
cryptographic paradigm involving uninterrupted protection of data traveling between two communicating parties
zero-sum game
—
638 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 18 Feb 2017
mathematical representation of a situation in which each participant's gain or loss of utility is exactly balanced by the losses or gains of the utility of the other participants
interchangeable parts
—
135 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
components that are identical for practical purposes
stochastic process
—
80 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
mathematical object usually defined as a collection of random variables
Louis Daguerre
—
15 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
French photographer, artist and chemist and inventor of the Daguerrotype (1787-1851)
universal Turing machine
—
60 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 24 Dec 2023
turing machine that can simulate an arbitrary Turing machine on arbitrary input by reading both the description of the machine to be simulated as well as the input thereof from its own tape
Bletchley Park
—
163 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 5 Oct 2023
experimental subject
—
164 books
first published
1962
person who participates in human subject research by being the target of observation by researchers
backtesting
—
86 books
first published
1962
the process of testing a trading strategy or model on historical data
land bank
—
81 books
first published
1962
added 10 Aug 2023
Deng Xiaoping
—
324 books
first published
1962
a Chinese politician who served as the leader of the Communist Party of China and was instrumental in modernising China
Lao Tzu
—
109 books
first published
1962
added 2 Jan 2017
6th-century BC semi-legendary Chinese philosopher, founder of Taoism
Myron Scholes
—
143 books
first published
1962
added 26 Apr 2017
Canadian economist
barriers to entry
—
569 books
first published
1962
factors that make it difficult for new firms to enter a market
currency risk
—
110 books
first published
1962
added 11 Feb 2022
a financial risk that exists when a financial transaction is denominated in a currency other than the domestic currency
collateralized debt obligation
—
230 books
first published
1962
a type of structured asset-backed security whose value and payments are derived from a portfolio of fixed-income underlying assets.
Black-Scholes formula
—
101 books
first published
1962
a mathematical model used for calculating the theoretical value of European-style options
credit crunch
—
327 books
first published
1962
sudden reduction in the general availability of loans or credit or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from banks
invisible hand
—
714 books
first published
1962
economic concept popularized by Adam Smith
Bear Stearns
—
396 books
first published
1962
added 25 Oct 2021
an investment bank that collapsed during the 2008 financial crisis
Right to Buy
—
108 books
first published
1962
added 25 Feb 2017
index card
—
339 books
first published
1962
card stock cut to a standard size, used for recording or storing small amounts of data
The Chicago School
—
186 books
first published
1962
education organization in Los Angeles, United States
flag carrier
—
45 books
first published
1962
added 26 Oct 2021
Fractional reserve banking
—
80 books
first published
1962
banking system where bank holds reserves equal to fraction of deposit liabilities
Arthur Eddington
—
73 books
first published
1962
an English astrophysicist best known for his work on the theory of relativity and the Eddington limit, the natural limit to the luminosity of stars.