Turing test
—
226 books
first published
1966
test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to that of a human
Peace of Westphalia
—
88 books
first published
1966
peace treaty ending the Thirty and Eighty Years' Wars
Ken Kesey
—
111 books
first published
1966
added 26 Jun 2024
speech recognition
—
261 books
first published
1966
automatic conversion of spoken language into text
language acquisition
—
100 books
first published
1966
added 20 Aug 2023
process starting early in human life
prisoner's dilemma
—
54 books
first published
15 May 1965
canonical example of a game analyzed in game theory
Louis Daguerre
—
15 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
French photographer, artist and chemist and inventor of the Daguerrotype (1787-1851)
universal Turing machine
—
61 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 24 Dec 2023
turing machine that can simulate an arbitrary Turing machine on arbitrary input by reading both the description of the machine to be simulated as well as the input thereof from its own tape
Turing machine
—
169 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
abstract computation model; mathematical model of computation that defines an abstract machine which manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules
Bob Bemer
—
4 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 19 Feb 2025
classic study
—
376 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 20 Aug 2022
heat death of the universe
—
55 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 20 Nov 2021
the idea that the universe will eventually reach a state of entropy from which it cannot recover
stochastic process
—
80 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
mathematical object usually defined as a collection of random variables
interchangeable parts
—
137 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
components that are identical for practical purposes
end-to-end encryption
—
54 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 5 Jul 2023
cryptographic paradigm involving uninterrupted protection of data traveling between two communicating parties
Norbert Wiener
—
170 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 3 Jan 2017
American mathematician, scientist in cybernetics and artificial intelligence (1894–1964)
zero-sum game
—
655 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 18 Feb 2017
mathematical representation of a situation in which each participant's gain or loss of utility is exactly balanced by the losses or gains of the utility of the other participants
Alan Turing
—
381 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 7 Oct 2023
British mathematician, contributions to computer science and AI
Trinity test
—
42 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 15 Aug 2024
Johannes Kepler
—
148 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 15 Oct 2020
German mathematician and astronomer (1571–1630)
John von Neumann
—
286 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
Hungarian-American mathematician and polymath (1903–1957)
Bletchley Park
—
170 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 5 Oct 2023
book burning
—
111 books
first published
1 Feb 1963
added 21 Dec 2024
index card
—
348 books
first published
1962
card stock cut to a standard size, used for recording or storing small amounts of data
Carl Icahn
—
118 books
first published
1962
added 27 May 2023
an American businessman known for his activities as an activist shareholder
asset-backed security
—
142 books
first published
1962
added 9 Feb 2017
security with value derived from a commodity or asset
land bank
—
83 books
first published
1962
added 10 Aug 2023
financial engineering
—
388 books
first published
1962
added 1 Nov 2021
application of technical methods, especially from mathematical finance and computational finance, in the practice of finance
Myron Scholes
—
144 books
first published
1962
added 26 Apr 2017
Canadian economist
invisible hand
—
734 books
first published
1962
economic concept popularized by Adam Smith
Right to Buy
—
113 books
first published
1962
added 25 Feb 2017
Deng Xiaoping
—
344 books
first published
1962
a Chinese politician who served as the leader of the Communist Party of China and was instrumental in modernising China
Lao Tzu
—
114 books
first published
1962
added 2 Jan 2017
6th-century BC semi-legendary Chinese philosopher, founder of Taoism
currency risk
—
112 books
first published
1962
added 11 Feb 2022
a financial risk that exists when a financial transaction is denominated in a currency other than the domestic currency
price discrimination
—
84 books
first published
1962
pricing strategy of offering similar products at different prices according to buyers' willingness to pay
experimental subject
—
167 books
first published
1962
person who participates in human subject research by being the target of observation by researchers
Bear Stearns
—
405 books
first published
1962
added 25 Oct 2021
an investment bank that collapsed during the 2008 financial crisis
collateralized debt obligation
—
232 books
first published
1962
a type of structured asset-backed security whose value and payments are derived from a portfolio of fixed-income underlying assets.
Fractional reserve banking
—
81 books
first published
1962
banking system where bank holds reserves equal to fraction of deposit liabilities
Greenspan put
—
63 books
first published
1962
added 11 Feb 2022
Monetary policy tool of the Federal Reserve
zero-coupon bond
—
72 books
first published
1962
a debt security that doesn't make periodic interest payments and is issued at a discount to its face value
backtesting
—
87 books
first published
1962
the process of testing a trading strategy or model on historical data
barriers to entry
—
587 books
first published
1962
factors that make it difficult for new firms to enter a market
low cost airline
—
157 books
first published
1962
added 15 Oct 2020
airline with generally lower fares
credit crunch
—
328 books
first published
1962
sudden reduction in the general availability of loans or credit or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from banks
flag carrier
—
49 books
first published
1962
added 26 Oct 2021
Black-Scholes formula
—
101 books
first published
1962
a mathematical model used for calculating the theoretical value of European-style options
carried interest
—
86 books
first published
1962
share of profits in an investment fund paid to the fund manager
Arthur Eddington
—
73 books
first published
1962
an English astrophysicist best known for his work on the theory of relativity and the Eddington limit, the natural limit to the luminosity of stars.
The Chicago School
—
192 books
first published
1962
education organization in Los Angeles, United States
Jane Jacobs
—
232 books
first published
1 Nov 1961
an American-Canadian journalist and activist best known for her influence on urban planning and her opposition to the urban renewal policies of the 1950s in New York.
work culture
—
208 books
first published
1 Nov 1961
added 22 Aug 2022